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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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1997-02-04
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71 lines
The limitations of these
approaches, and of peripheral
and mechanistic approaches as
well, lead me to attempt to
formulate a cognitively
oriented theory. It builds on
the kind of inference theory
that Helmholtz proposed but
departs from it in certain
important respects.
In this text, I have suggested
that perception is the result of
a series of stages of processing
that occur between reception of
a visual stimulus and
achievement of a percept. My
answer to KoffkaΓÇÖs queryΓÇöΓÇôWhy
do things look as they do?ΓÇöΓÇô
would be: because of the
cognitive operations performed
on the information contained
within the stimulus.
Light reflected from objects is
propagated in all directions,
but some is intercepted by the
eye and images of objects are
focused on the retina. This
much is consistent with a
camera theory because the
image is very similar to the
picture a camera takes of the
same scene. But the "picture"
on the retina, the stimulus, is
nothing more than a mosaic of
varying intensities and
frequencies of light and is
therefore thoroughly
ambiguous with respect to what
it represents in the world. It
must be organized into discrete
and separate units. Some degree
of organization occurs at the
level of the retina because cells
farther along in the visual
system are responsive to the
nature of the stimulation of an
entire group of the light-
sensitive retinal cells, those
constituting the receptive field
of that higher cell. We do not
know how more complex
organization occurs, such as
that which leads to figure-
ground differentiation and
other larger figural units, but it
may conform to some or all of
the laws of grouping and figure-
ground organization uncovered
by the Gestalt psychologists
plus a few new principles of
organization recently
suggested. Following such
organization, the structure is
described by the perceptual
system on the basis of its
geometry, orientation, and
other factors. Attention must
surely enter in at this stage.